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Namen van ingrediënten met een hoog gehalte aan lood, kwik, of arseen die in traditionele Ayurvedische of Chinese kruidenpreparaten aangetroffen kunnen worden*
Element | Farmaceutische of traditionele naam voor ingrediënt | synoniemen of soortgelijke substanties a,b | ||||
Lood | lithargyrum (loodoxide) |
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A: naga bhasma | A: ahi, bhujagalauha, sisaka | |||||
Kwik | A: parada (gezuiverd kwik) |
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cinnabar (rood kwiksulfide) |
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calomel (kwikchloride) hydrargyri oxydum rubrum (rood kwikoxide) |
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Arseen | orpiment (arseentrisulfide) |
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realgar (arseensulfide of arseendisulfide) |
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arsenolite (wit arseen of arseentrioxide) |
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* | VWA raadt gebruik van kruidenpreparaten met deze ingrediënten af | ||||
a: |
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b | Bronnen: |
- | Bensky D and Gamble A. 1993. Chinese Herbal Medicine: Materia Medica. Revised edition. Eastland Press, Incorporated, Seattle. |
- | Ernst E. 2002. Toxic heavy metals and undeclared drugs in Asian herbal medicines. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 23:136-139. |
- | Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of Indian Systems of Medicine and Homoeopathy. 2000. The Ayurvedic Formulary of India, Part II. First English edition. Delhi: Controller of Publications. |
- | Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of Indian Systems of Medicine and Homoeopathy. 2003. The Ayurvedic Formulary of India, Part I. Second revised English edition. Delhi: Controller of Publications. |
- | Kang-Yum E, Oransky SH. 1992. Chinese patent medicine as a potential source of mercury poisoning. Vet Hum Toxicol. 34:235-238. |
- | Liu J, Lu Y, Wu Q, Goyer RA, Waalkes MP. 2008. Mineral arsenicals in traditional medicines: orpiment, realgar, and arsenolite. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 326:363-368. |
- | MCA: Traditional Ethnic medicines: Public health and compliance with medicines law [Internet]. 2001. London: Medicines Control Agency; beschikbaar via: http://www.escop.com/bhma/bhma/frame.htm |
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